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What does it take to foster balanced diets in Europe?

By Nicholas Hodac, Director General of UNESDA Soft Drinks Europe

 

The journey towards enhanced health and nutrition in Europe is both fascinating and challenging. A complex web of inter-related factors come into play, such as dietary preferences, physical activity habits and overall health. To ensure the success of fostering balanced diets, EU decision-makers should consider self-regulatory actions and evidence-based policies based on robust consumption data.

Through self-regulatory actions, food and drink producers can innovate and adapt swiftly to evolving consumer preferences, responding promptly to societal concerns.  The European soft drink sector, represented by UNESDA, has long demonstrated how far-reaching voluntary initiatives can be a force for the good in the nutrition and health space. We have become a true trailblazer, being the first food industry association in the world to issue a robust set of voluntary commitments almost 20 years ago. These pledges included no marketing to children and a strict set of rules for selling drinks in schools – including no drinks whatsoever in any primary schools across the entire European Union. 

A few years later, in 2015, UNESDA was – and amazingly remains – the only European food or drink sector who rose to the challenge set by the European Commission to achieve a 10% average reduction in added sugars. Since then, we have made a series of successive commitments on behalf of our members, with a remarkable 28.6% reduction in average added sugars since 2000.  

Sugar reduction is clearly and logically an area where other sugar-using sectors must quickly step up their efforts and take their responsibility in supporting balanced diets. The EU Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Business and Marketing Practices, which our sector signed in 2021, is the perfect launchpad for stretching ambition and making meaningful commitments to actively contribute to a more sustainable and healthier EU food and drink system.

In addition to considering voluntary approaches as an effective alternative to regulation, it is essential that EU decision-makers develop evidence-based policies that support the use of safe and approved ingredients, such as low- and no-calorie sweeteners. Sweeteners are thoroughly assessed for safety by the European Food Safety Authority before being approved by EU regulators. Providing sweetness without the calories of sugar, sweeteners deserve far greater vocal support from EU policy makers and other stakeholders given their pivotal role in achieving public health goals.

Another key hurdle in fostering evidence-based nutrition policy is the lack of comparable, robust and EU-wide food and drink consumption data. We have commissioned our own research and concluded that existing data is outdated and not directly comparable, rendering it unsuitable for the formulation of sound policies. It is time to act to address this issue by ensuring regular and reliable monitoring and recording of food and drink consumption intakes and patterns across Europe. Furthermore, contrary to what the accepted narrative may be in some quarters, we have noted that current data indicates that soft drink consumption has decreased in several European countries and that our sector is not the primary contributor to sugar intake.

As the soft drink sector, we are determined to continue doing our part to drive meaningful change for consumers. However, it is only through the right policy support and the active involvement of all relevant stakeholders, including other food and drink sectors, governments and healthcare professionals, that we can hope to make a wider positive impact on diets and therefore the health and well-being of all consumers. Let’s unite in our efforts to amplify our collective actions!

Current water challenges

We cannot deny the current water challenges our world is facing. We are experiencing increased water scarcity, with demands for safe, usable water exceeding supply in many areas, including in Europe. 

  • Freshwater use has been growing by about 1% per year since the 1980s and as water demand is expected to continue increasing at a similar rate until 2050, this will account for an increase of 20 to 30% above the current level of water use1.
  • This increase in water demand is leading to a reduction of renewable water resources of 24% per capita in Europe2
  • Around 30% of the European population lives in areas with permanent water stress and up to 70% live in areas with seasonal water stress during summer3.
  • Europe’s aquatic ecosystems are severely degraded: only 17% of protected river, lake, alluvial, and riparian habitats are in good conservation status and 90% of protected wetland habitats are classified as poor or bad4.
  • Globally, 85% of wetlands have been lost in the last 300 years, with more than 50% lost since 19905. This is particularly critical as wetlands play an important role in filtering water and removing pollutants, as well as providing shelter to wildlife and capturing carbon.

 

This situation entails severe risks for the world’s population. 

  • For the last decade, the World Economic Forum has placed water-related risks among the world’s top five in its annual Global Risks Report. 
  • Water-related disasters have also dominated the list of disasters over the past 50 years and account for 70% of all deaths related to natural disasters6.
  • Nearly 95% of infrastructure loss and damage reported between 2010 to 2019 were due to water-related disasters7
  • More frequent and intensive flooding has cost lives and livelihoods across Europe, while at the same time, more than 50% of the continent has, in recent years, been affected by extreme drought conditions, which also breed a range of negative social, economic and human outcomes8.

A situation driven by a combination of factors

The deterioration of the natural water cycle stems from a confluence of factors: growing urbanisation, growing populations, increased consumption, poor management, pollution, lack of or damaged infrastructure, and climate change.  

Agriculture was responsible for 59% of total freshwater use in Europe in 20179, while industrial and domestic uses are the main drivers of increasing water demand. Indeed, as economies industrialise, populations urbanise and water supply and sanitation systems expand. 

Additionally, rising temperatures and more extreme weather patterns are causing more droughts and flooding. Climate variability is also bringing more uncertainty as to the availability, predictability and geographical distribution of water. Water and climate change are inextricably linked. From unpredictable rainfall patterns to shrinking ice sheets, rising sea levels, floods and droughts – most impacts of climate change come down to water (UN Water).